A centrifugal fan is a ventilation device that draws gas into the impeller center and, through high-speed rotation, throws it to the outer edge, where a scroll housing or diffuser accumulates pressure and discharges it radially. Thanks to its high head and large pressure capability, centrifugal fans are widely used in mine ventilation, chemical dust collection, and high-pressure exhaust systems.
Working Principle
Inlet Suction: Air enters the impeller center (inlet).
Energy Conversion: The rotating blades transfer mechanical energy to the air, imparting velocity.
Centrifugal Discharge: The impeller’s centrifugal force flings air radially to the scroll.
Pressure Build-up & Discharge: The scroll or diffuser converts kinetic energy to static pressure, expelling high-pressure air through the outlet.
Key Features
High Pressure, Large Head: Suited for high-resistance ducts, long-distance, and multi-bend scenarios. Total pressure up to 1,000–5,000 Pa.
Adjustable Flow: With VFDs, fans maintain high efficiency across various conditions.
Reliable Structure: Separate impeller, scroll, and casing design for easy maintenance.
Stable Operation: Elastic mounts and vibration isolators reduce noise and vibration.
Typical Applications
Mine Ventilation: Multi-stage underground ducted supply, methane extraction.
Chemical Dust Collection: Integrated with dust collectors for high-pressure air/gas transfer.
Boiler Air Supply: Provides high-pressure air to burners for improved combustion.
Cement/Steel: High-pressure dust removal, dryer hot air circulation.
Selection & Configuration Points
Confirm Duty Parameters: Flow rate, total pressure, duct resistance, ambient temperature.
Impeller Type: Forward-curved, backward-curved, or semi-open, per abrasion/corrosion needs.
Motor & Protection: Explosion-proof or high-protection motors for harsh environments.
Accessories: VFD, silencers, vibration isolators, online sensors, etc.
Maintenance
Check Impeller/Bearings: Clean dust, lubricate or replace as needed.
Tighten Fasteners: Prevent loosening from prolonged vibration.
Monitor Vibration/Temperature: Use sensors for early warning.
Clean Scroll & Ducts: Ensure clear airflow and avoid blockages.
Summary
Centrifugal fans are the first choice for high-pressure ventilation in mining, chemical, and power sectors, thanks to their high head, pressure, and stability. Selection should consider flow, pressure, impeller type, motor protection, and accessories, with online monitoring and regular maintenance to ensure safe, efficient operation.