A centrifugal fan is used when a ventilation or process system needs higher static pressure, stable airflow and robust performance in demanding conditions. Unlike axial fans, which are optimised for high-volume, low-pressure duties, centrifugal fans are designed to push air through ductwork, filters, scrubbers and other components that create significant resistance.
The primary reason to use a centrifugal fan is its pressure capability
Centrifugal fans are also chosen for their robustness in harsh environments. Radial-blade or material-handling designs can tolerate dust, fibres and abrasive particles that would quickly damage or clog many axial fans. This makes them suitable near crushers, screens, transfer points, kilns and other equipment that generates dirty or hot gases. With appropriate construction materials and coatings, centrifugal fans can also handle corrosive fumes and elevated temperatures. Another advantage is stable operation over a wide range of conditions. Well-designed centrifugal fans have characteristic curves that provide stable airflow even as system resistance changes—for example, when filters load with dust or dampers move. This stability is valuable in process control and mine ventilation, where predictable airflow is critical for safety and product quality. From an energy perspective, backward-curved and airfoil centrifugal fans can be highly efficient when selected to operate near their best efficiency point. When combined with variable-frequency drives, centrifugal fans can have their speed adjusted to match real-time demand, reducing power consumption compared with constant-speed operation with throttling dampers. Centrifugal fans also offer flexible mounting and discharge options. The housing can be arranged with different outlet orientations to connect easily to ducting or equipment. This flexibility allows engineers to integrate the fan into tight spaces or existing layouts without major structural modifications. In summary, you use a centrifugal fan when your system requires higher static pressure, robust dust-handling capability, stable airflow and flexible duct connections. These characteristics make centrifugal fans the preferred choice for many industrial and mining ventilation duties where axial fans cannot provide enough pressure or durability.
